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microfiches 

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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiq 


ues 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  technique  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 

ry]     Coloured  covers  / 
' — '     Couverture  de  couleur 

I     I     Covers  damaged  / 

' — '     Couverture  endommagee 

I     I      Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
— '     Couverture  restauree  et/ou  pelliculee 

I     I     Cover  title  missing  /  Le  litre  de  couverture  manque 

I     I     Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  geographiques  en  couleur 

I     I     Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 

Encre  de  couleur  (I.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I     1     Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

I     I      Bound  with  other  material  / 
— '      Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 

I     I     Only  edition  available  / 
' — '     Seule  edition  disponible 

I  I  Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serree  peut 
causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de 
la  marge  interieure. 

I  I  Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
— '  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have 
been  omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines 
pages  blanches  ajoutees  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  etait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  ete  filmees. 


L'Institut  a  microfilme  le  meilleur  exampiaire  qu'il  iui  a 
ete  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire  qui  sont  peut-etre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modifications  dans  la  meth- 
ode  normale  de  filmage  sont  indiques  ci-dessous. 


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0 

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0 
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Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommagees 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
Pages  decolorees,  tachetees  ou  piquees 

Pages  detached  /  Pages  detachees 

Showthrough  /  Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies  / 
Qualite  inegale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image  /  Les  pages 
totalement  ou  partiellement  obscurcies  par  un 
feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure,  etc.,  ont  ete  filmees 
a  nouveau  de  fa?on  a  obtenir  la  meilleure 
image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the 
best  possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant 
ayant  des  colorations  variables  ou  des  decol- 
orations sont  filmees  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la 
meilleur  image  possible. 


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Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  supplementaires: 


This  Item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  f  ilme  au  taux  de  reduction  indique  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X 


n 


12X 


1«X 


20X 


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v/ 


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28  X 


32  X 


Th«  copy  filmad  h«r«  has  b««n  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'axampiaira  fiimi  fut  raproduit  graca  A  la 
ginirosit*  da: 

Bibliotheque  nationale  du  Canada 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spocifications. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impraa- 
sion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — ^  I  moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "ENO"). 
whichavar  applias. 


Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  *ti  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nanati  da  l'axampiaira  filmO,  at  an 
conf  ormito  avac  las  conditiona  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Las  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couwsrtura  an 
papiar  ast  imprimOa  sont  filmOs  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniOra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'Imprassion  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmOs  an  commandant  par  la 
pramiOra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  9n  tarminant  par 
la  darniOra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 

Un  daa  symbolas  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darniira  imaga  da  chaqua  microficha.  salon  la 
cas:  la  symbols  — »  signifia  "A  SUIVRE ',  la 
symbols  V  signifia  "FIN". 


Maps,  platas,  charts,  ate.  may  ba  filmad  at 
ditfarant  raduction  ratios.  Thosa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraly  includad  in  ons  sxposura  ara  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  corner,  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framas  as 
raquirad.  Tha  following  diagrams  illustrata  tha 
mathod: 


Las  cartas,  planchas.  tablaaux.  ate.  pauvant  atrs 
filmOs  A  das  taux  da  reduction  diffOrants. 
Lorsqua  la  documant  ast  trop  grand  pour  atra 
raproduit  tn  un  saul  clichO.  il  ast  films  A  partir 
da  I'angla  supOriaur  gaucha,  da  gaucha  A  droita. 
at  da  haut  an  bas,  an  pranant  la  nombra 
d'imagas  nOcassaira.  Las  diagrammas  suivsnts 
illustrant  la  mOthoda. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MICBOCOFY    RISOIUTION    TIST   CHART 

(ANSI  ond  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2) 


m 

^    1^ 

m 

t    1^ 

t   US, 

112.0 

1.8 


1.6 


_J    APPLIED  IIVHGE 


'65i    EasI    Mo.n    Sfreel 

f'ochester.    f-j#*   -,0^1,         14609       ^i^a 

(716;    *82-  0300 -Phone 

f7'6)    288-  5989  -  Fa. 


THHPR0VI\CH0F0U1:BHC, 

Its  History,  and  Its  People. 


A  PAPER   READ  BEFORE  THE 

Associate  BoardofTrinity  College, 

W'liKCKSTKK.  Mass., 
Monday  Kveniiiir.  Dee.  14,  li)03. 


BY 


GEORGE  McALEER, 


I 


/7> 


JS  'J^  /f^. 


/ 


^ 


,**^rf^      ^ 


rHCPR0Vl.\CI:OF()lliBliC. 

Its  History,  and  Its  I'coplc. 


A   PAPER   RFAD  BEKORF  TIiE 

ASSOCIATK  BOAI.TOF  TRINITY COLLKGE, 

W'okiic.sTKk.  Mass.. 
Monday  Kveninjr,  Dec.  14,  li)03. 


BY 


GEORGE  McALnER, 


\Vi)Rri:siKR,     M 


\'<SA<  llfSKTT- 


Tress  of  I,,  p. 


.ioni.ARn.  408  Main  Sireel. 


^  H/  V- 


I 


THE  PROVINCE  OF  QUEBEC. 


ITS  HISTORY,  AND  ITS  PEOPLE, 


Despite  tiu-  work'  t  ;  >tory,  the  liSurs  of  llistoric-.i,  Socio 
ties,  h,in<l  books  of  t.  .  tlu-  army  of  siimim.-r  touri^ti.  ami  the 
woiiderful  euteriiri^e  of  (Ik-  newspaper  w^rid.  the  old  s.iyinjj 
th.U  ••  not  one  h.ilf  of  tlie  world  knows  how  ihr  other  half  lives  " 
is  almost  as  true  tod.iy  a.  it  was  in  the  distant  past. 

Stretching  away  to  the  north  of  the  New  K.nj{la!id  States  arid 
heyond  is  the  I'roviiK  e  of  (Juel>ec,  a  country  that  i .  a  verital  le 
lirr,i  iii.oKHifa  to  the  jjrcat  niajoriiy  <if  their  tiei>;hl)..r s  to  the 
south,  the  people  of  the  t  nited  States.  To  the  jjreat  ority 
of  these  the  name  recalls  only  a  very  limited  territory  ere 
winte-  reigns  during;  the  -reater  part  of  the  year,  devoid  of 
interest,  and  peopled  with  an  iinpro{;ressive  if  not  a  very  infe- 
rior raci — a  downtrodden  p ople  whose  rijjhts  are  denied  them 
hv  an  exacting;  and  op|)rcssive  j;overnment  beyond  the  seas. 

\  little  time  {jiven  to  a  consideration  of  this  portion  of  the 
tern  hcmispiiere— its  extent,  physical  characteristics,  his- 
tory, and  the  everyd.iy  life  of  the  people  -m.ay  not  be  without 
interest  and  v.ihie  while  serviti^'  to  make  neijjhbors  better 
a((|n,iinted  with  each  other  and  appreciated.  A  little  reflection 
and  tli<.u;;htful  consideration  will  also  teach  lessons  of  tolera- 
tion and  justice  to  the  residents  and  lawniakinj;  powers  in  the 
Tnited  States,  the  hoasted  land  of  -freedom,  etpial  rijjhts  and 
justice,"  but  where  in  many  tl)in;js  the<.  hi{;h  soundinjj  and 
seductive  claims  are  not  so  happily  exemplified  as  in  the  less 
pretentious  Country  north  of  the  forty-fifth  parallel  of  latitude- 
Within  the  bo'nids  of  the  Province  of  (Juebec  is  embraced  a 
territory  many  times  larger  than  all  New  Kngland,  a  territory 
rich  and  varied  in  scenic  beauty  and  grandly  picturesque.      The 


Appalachian  range  of  mountains  extends  into  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  province,  and  the  Laurentian  chain  stretches  away  for 
hundreds  of  miles  in  the  northern  part,  contributing  variety  and 
grandeur  to  the  whole  country. 

Lakes  and  Rivers. 

Lakes  are  scattered  in  abundance  throughout  the  Province. 
which  gem  the  landscape  and  primeval  forest,  and  which  well 
reward  the  tourist,  artist  and  sportsman  by  their  beauty,  extent 
and  wealth  of  gamest  fish.  Lake  St.  John  having  an  area  of 
260  square  miles,  is  the  largest.  Temiscamingue  is  next  with 
an  area  of  126  square  miles,  besides  numerous  others  of  smaller 
size  and  lesser  importance. 

The  mighty  St.  Lawrence,  ranking  with  the  largest  rivers  of 
the  world,  after  leaving  the  (;reat  Lakes  and  the  awe-inspiring 
Niagara  Falls,  lends  a  charm  to  the  Thousand  Islands,  and 
cuts  in  twain  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  country  through 
which  its  mighty  volume  of  waters  tJow  in  a  north-easterly  direc- 
tion for  hundreds  of  miles  until  lost  in  the  ocean  beyond.  It 
has  as  principal  tributaries  the  Ottawa,  600  hundred  miles  long; 
the  Ste.  M  uirice,  400  miles  long;  the  Richelieu  which  is  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Champlain  ;  the  famed  Saguenay,  which  per- 
forms a  similar  service  for  Lake  St.  John  and  the  country 
beyond  ;  and  many  others  of  lesser  note. 

Most  of  these  rivers  abound  in  scenery  unsurpassed  else- 
where, and  in  cascades  and  waterfalls  that  prove  a  revelation, 
surpri.se  and  delight  to  the  beholder.  The  Falls  of  Shawinegan 
in  the  Ste.  Maurice,  24  miles  above  Three  Rivers,  are  150  feet 
high  ;  the  Falls  of  the  Montmorency,  8  miles  from  Quebec,  are 
250  feet,  and  the  rocky  gorge  through  which  the  Saguenay 
pours  its  turbulent  waters  for  a  hundred  miles,  is  startling  in  its 
almost  perpendicular  cliffs  of  rock  -.hich  kiss  the  clouds,  and 
which  in  majesty,  grandeur,  and  extent  are  without  a  rival  in 
the  world. 

In  the  more  northern  parts  the  extensiye  forests,  stretching 
away  to  the  land  of  perpetual  winter,  furnish  a  home  for  an 
abundance  of  large  game— bear,  deer,  caribou  and  moose— which 
is  eagerly  sought  by  sportsmen  of  this  and  foreign  countries  for 


the  pleasure  and  benefit  which  reward  «i,rh  .a 

-nin,  with  nature,  and  also  bythe  runters":,"?  '"'  '''"'■ 
the  Hudson   IJav   K„r  n  ,  """''^'^''  ^nd  trappers  of 

t'^e  peltry  wHi;/ il^Ts^JZ'/;!:::  ^^^  " -^ '  ^- 
•sale  in  the  fur  markets  of  theLrld'  l^y  a,so  futirh  "f"' 
ment  and  remunerative  wa-es  tn  v,  /  "^^  f'°  ^"'^"'sh  employ- 

successfu  ly  cu'tivated      VVIfh    •  ^       ^^ngland  States  are 

passing  of'the  far    etin       n  „  rri'    7"'"""'  ^"'    ^"^ 
of  the  Province    farmin.  h  u  '''''"'  '^"'^^  P""'"" 

.-  people  o  J  ■.::;^-,;:r=r.  ^;;i::  :::--"3  - 

plus  h.,y,  horse!^  caltt,  buller,  lu,„b«  a„,J  mh  T 

l»"d  »d  fore,,  ,-„„„„  a  '^.^y  .U^^tT^ZtZ'' 
exchange  for  ,ex,il„  go„d,,  .„r,c„|,„„,  i,„p|„,°,„^'''''V" 
n.an,,fac,«r.d  ar.icl.,,  u,„il  ,l,e  termination  „,, he  k!" 

upo„  „ercha„ai.e  pa,,i„Tri"re'cot::;ir,:e":;r " 

Relations  with  their  Neighbors. 
veryrrlrlrrre1t''''^r'5  ^""t  "^   """"P^-  ^ 

»f  t'he  t»o  countrie:r:L'  1  ;::■:,  r™  ■'=  p-pi= 

was  deep  and  wide  spread  •  h„r  I  annexation 

newpolicywasadopt  Sar     de'eoo'  I  b  Th™'""""  '"   ''"^  ' 
and  all  this  is  now  changed.  '        '  '''  "'^P'^  "^  ^'--^^ 

The  termination  of  the  Reciororitu  fr„,, 
and    led   up   to   the  ConfedeXon  'of  tre'p'r     '''-"'-^'"^ 
Dominion  of  Canada,  the  estab  ishment  of  f  .r  "  T  ''' 

of  factories  for  the  production  of  th.  "'"^'''"''*' ""'I 

merchandise  previou^ly^^ bL:^  ^ Zv:.!^:^:::^-' 
has  proved  so  successfu.  and  advantageous  for  the  plrpie.  ?„'] 


has  so  fostered  and  stimulated  a  national  spirit  that  now  but 
\ery  few  if  any  will  be  found  to  fa\or,  much  less  advocate 
union  with  the  United  States. 

In  ajjricultural  districts,  particularly  in  the  Kastern  Town- 
ships, much  attention  is  now  given  to  the  manufacture  of  cheese, 
of  very  superior  quality,  large  ijuantities  of  which  are  exported 
and  find  a  ready  sale  in  the  markets  of  F:ngland  ami  on  the 
Continent. 

To  properly  understand  r.nd  appreciate  the  conditions,  cus- 
toms, and  practices  which  now  obtain  in  rural  communities  in 
the  older  settled  parts  of  the  I'rovince  where  the  descenda'its  of 
the  origioal  settlers  overwhelminj^ly  predominate,  which  so  savor 
of  mediiivalism,  and  which  appear  so  quaint  and  fascinating 
to  the  outside  world,  it  will  be  desirable  to  go  back  to  the  early 
days  of  authentic  history  and  sketch  in  outline  some  of  the 
leading  events  connected  with  the  exploration,  colonization, 
and  the  establishment  of  government  in  this  northern  portion 
of  the  New  World. 

Early  History. 

In  enterprise,  daring,  and  success  France  led  the  way.  .So 
far  as  available  records  gc  they  prove  tha!  the  portion  of  Can- 
ada (by  which  name  at  one  time  all  the  liritish  possessions  in 
North  America  were  designated),  now  known  as  the  I'rovince 
of  Quebec,  was  discovered  during  the  early  vears  of  the  Six- 
teenth Century  by  Jaques  (artier  who  sailed  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence River  in  A.  1).  1535,  before  Puritanism  was  known  in  the 
world,  and  nearly  one  hundred  years  before  the  J'uritans  set 
foot  upon  the  soil  of  America.  He  made  other  vovages  the 
following  and  subsequent  years  w  hen  he  devoted  more  time  to 
exploiation  and  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  countrv  and  its 
strange  people.  Dther  French  explorers  subsequently  visited 
these  shores  before  the  coming  of  Samuel  de  Champlain  in 
A.  D.  tCoS,  who  established  a  colony  at  Stadacona  where  the 
City  of  (Quebec  now  is. 

The  heart  of  France  then  thrilled  with  missionary  zeal  and 
many  devoted  priests  accompanied  these  colonists  to  impart 
the    blessings   of    religion,    spiritual    comfort,    and    guidance. 


Many  missionaries  of  noble  birth  and  highest  attainments  also 
left   behind  station   and  place  in  their  nat've  land  and  devoted 
their  lives  to  the  elevation  of  the  red  n.  ,.i  from  the  depths  of 
paganism  and  idolatry  to  the  heights  of  Christianity.      These 
apostolic  men,  in  obedience  tr)  the  command   of   the   Master, 
buried  themselves  in   the  wilderness  and  spent  the  rest  of  their 
lives  amid  scenes  of  squalor  and  tilth,  in  deprivation  and  suffer- 
ing, even  heroically  meetmg    death    in  the  discharge  of    their 
sacred  duties.     Words  are  not  necessary  to  .idd  to  the  pathos 
of  such  lives  as  are  recorded  in  the  "Jesuit    Relations  "  by  the 
pen  of  the  Rev.  Knnemond  M.asse,  .S.  ].:  '-This  life  is  without 
order  and  without  daily  fare,  without  bread,  without  salt,  and 
often  without  anything  ;  always  moving  on  and  changing  :   in 
the  wind,  in  the  air.  and  in  bad  weather  ;  for  a  roof,  a  wretched 
cabin  ;  for  a  couch,  the  earth;  for  rest  and  quiet,  odors,  cries 
and  songs  ;  for  medicine,  hunger  and  hard  work." 

They  .sought  not  the  plaudits  of  men,  yet  the  pens  of  our 
greatest  historians  and  poets  have  embalmed  their  memory  in 
tiie  minds  and  hearts  of  a  grateful  posterity,  and  recorded  their 
heroic  achievements  forClod  and  civilization  upon  the  brightest 
pages  of  history  and  literature.  'I'iie  lieroic  deeds,  sacrifices 
and  sufferings  of  Le  Caron,  Mrebouf,  Daniel,  I.alleniant,  [ogues, 
Rasles.  and  unnumbered  others  of  their  companions,  together 
with  the  devotion,  privation  and  toil  of  the  sainted  women  who 
sacririced  all  that  the  world  holds  dear  to  aid  in  the  good  work, 
are  as  a  luminous  cloud  of  inspiration,  triumph  and  glory,' 
which  will  continue  to  reHect  lustre  upon  their  nationality,  their 
religion,  and  their  adopted  country  until  the  end  of  time.' 

The  Habitans* 

The  colonists  brought  with  them  deep  religious  conviction 
and  love  for  the  Church  of  their  fathers,  in  which  they  were 
born  and  reared.  To  them  a  good  life  was  more  important 
than  honors  .and  riches.  In  their  every  day  life  they  exempli- 
fied the  Christian  virtues  and  squared  their  conduct  by  the 
Colden  Rule.  When  differences  arose  between  them  they  were 
usually  settled  by  arbitration,  or  by  their  parish  priest  and 
spiritual  guide,  and  such  decision  was  cheerfullv  accepted    as 


8 

he.r  lot    they  ever  strove  to  make  tlHirCluneh  a.trrctive  and 

■    ;^v' ;  ;'^":  ''"""^^-  ■'■"^^-  ^'""'' '-  ■"^-^  -^ ' 

statuar>  for  Us  adornment,  and-  so  casts  frotn  the  works  of  li.e 
masters,  of  the  Holy  ,..„,,.,  ,„  .,^.,,,,.         ,.„  sain     ,r  ot 
ehg.ous  subjects,  were  procure.l  to  en.l.ellish   it  and  m  JI      s 
each.n,s  n.ore  reahstic  and  lastin,.     „..Hn,  the  winte     easo 

anihc.al  Mowers  were  sul.stituted  for  decoratin.^  the  iltir      \o 

tnc  Church  according  to  the  Roman  ritual   as  wvll  i.  ,k 

;- c.  the  C.u.reh  in  motherland,  and  m^ttf:^!:.:;: 

uily  observed  by  their  descen.h.nts  and  sue  essors  to  this       v 

some  of  which  will  be  noticed  later.  ' ' 

English  Intolerance  and  Injustice. 

Jio^  rr ::  r::L::?r  ^.r  tr '^ " '^-"- '" ->-- 
oMhe  western  Hem:;::r:i;:ie;;'':;;e"^;Zs;:'^::,!^^ 

and    st.mulated    to    activity    the    national  traits    of    ci  a  e 
a^rand.ement.  and  donunation.     The  people  of  E^rZi'; 

;;;-.h  jealousy  bemuse  :;^;:^-jTr:.r:t;a^ 

the.r  hrst  attempts  in  Maine,  Massachusetts,  and  X'ir  i  ia  w  T' 
rank   a.lures.     The  Knglish  settlers  seemed  better  ft  t      o    the 

enl^-uenment.  when  so  much  incr::;tb::^:r:h;;:e 
of  Anslo-Saxonism,  this  n,ay  seen»  to  v,me  a  bold  U 

ranted  charge,  but  an  appei,   to  the  mZoI:!::^:^ 
amply  verify  its  truthfulness  "" 


.cal  vessels    ntted   out    in  Knglnnd  to  prey  upon  the  commerce 
of  the  wcrlfl.  the  brutality  of  the  buccaneers  of  nhich  Claude 
I'uval.  Jack  Cade,  and  (  aptain  Kidd  are  types,  and  the  Mood 
cur.limj;  records  of  a  Cooie.  Child,  Drake.  Hawkins  and    RaJ- 
eij;h— some  of  whose  piratical  triumphs  were    .-warded  with  the 
honors  of  k„i;;hthood-to  realize  a  str.kin,"  picture  of  the  times, 
and  of  the  ethics  -overninj;  an.l  animating-  those  seated  in  hi-h 
places  of  government,  and   even    upo  n    the  throne  itself      For 
the  present  we   must  be  content  with  the  testimony  of  an   Fnij 
l.sh  h.stonan  who  will  not  be  accused  uf  bias  or  prejudice   but 
who  unlike  too  many  of  his  successors  who  endeavor  to  apolo- 
gise for.  explain  away,  or  altogether  omit  the  unpalatable  truths 
of  the  times,  has  the  h..nesty  to  admit  them  in   all  their  repul- 
sive hideousness. 

Macaulay's  Testimony. 

After  going  into  the  subject  of  pirates  and  piracy  in  England 
to  very  considerable  length,  the  vast  amounts  realized  there- 
from, and  the  adulation  and  honors  heaped  upon  the  successful 
marauders  and  murderers,  Macaulay  says  : 

"  Ihe  Indian  Ocean,  meanwhile,  swarmed  with  pirates  of 
whose  rapacity  and  cuielty  frightful  stories  were  told.  Many 
of  these  men,  it  was  said,  came  from  the  North  American  Col- 
onies, and  carried  back  to  these  colonies  the  spoils  gained  by 
crime.  Even  the  i'uritans  of  ^^ew  England,  who  in  sanctimo- 
nious austerity  surpassed  even  their  brethren  in  Scotland,  were 
accused  of  conniving  at  the  wickedness." 

Ihis  quotation  also  throws  an  interesting  side  light  upon  the 
character  of  some  of  the  .\ew  England  colonists  now  so  Gener- 
ally praised  and  even  apotheosized.  " 

Jealous  of  the  growth  of  the  French  colonies,  and  of  the  sue 
cess  of  the  bKnck  robe  in   converting  the  aborigines  to  Chris 
tianity,  the  lirit.sh  colonists  were  ever  on  the  alert  to  discover 
opportunity  for  plunder,  whe.  unprovoked  ..ttack  would  be 

made.      1  he  missionary  bein,  special  object  of  their  hatred 

was  treated  -iih  great  indignits  and  not  infrequently  slain,  the 
people  butchered,  the  settlement  robbed,  and  what  could  not 
be  carried  away  was  given  to  the  flames. 


ft   is   worthy  of  note  ,l,at   in  ,|,e  ,lrst   con.lfct   lH..,wee„   the 
f-n,I.,sh    a,Ki    iTonch  on    this   continent   .he   Kn,-lish  were   ,h. 
a«Kressors      In  .6,,  ,he  marau.lin,  freebooter,  ^Ar^all^aied 
ron.  X,r,.n.a   ,o  „,e  ..,ast  of   Maine,  uhere  he  a.ta  k^l     „ 
jestroye-l    .he    French   ,se.,len,ent  of   S.e.  Saveur.    now      foun 

^uch  booty  as  he  could  not  carry  away,     Thus  was  shed  the 

».r.st  bio.Hl  that  tlowed  so  copiously   and    crimsoned    the    soil 

hrou«h  so  many  subse.,.enr  years  as  a  result  of  ,>i,..ted  in  . 

.ranee  and     nreasonin,  hate.     Later  writers  have  encea      el 

.     o  apoio„.e   or  if  not  con.ione  the  crin>e  of  Ar,ali  b  "  ^ "' 

laws  of  the   t.n.e,  wuhout  authority  for  the  „>arau.lin,  expe- 

thc^it?  ^  "^  '^";"""  """•'  '^"'  ''^'  '^'^'^--'^  ''V  those' in 
f.  a  Un  ,  °  P^"^"-' '"f  »'--^ '-t  ^P<^^cial  pleading,  untru.h- 
u  a  in  har.,>ony  w„h  the  attempt  very  generally  made  dur- 
2  all  the  y,.us  s.nce  to  «,..ss  over  the  noted  short  co.nin.^s 
and  crnnes  of  the  e..rly  Kn,dish  settlors  in  this  country,  we  ha^e 
but  to  recall  the  facts  that  Ar^ail.  in  obedience  to  the  or.lers  o 
h  s   snp,,  sooa   .afterwards   plundered   and   destroved   ,l"e 

French  settlements  at  Ste.  Ooix.  Port  Rov.,1.  a.„I  other'  places 
and  that  when  he  returned  to    Kn.land   ..aer   he  was      .v    d-d 
by  ben,,  appomted  I K.puty  (Governor  of  Mr-nnia  in  .6,;  s.c 
ceed.ng  to  the  office  of  Gover.K.r  soon  after. 

A  Foul  Blot  upon  Massachusetts. 

Such  brutality  ..nd   clev..s,ation  was  continued  durin.  manv 
generat,ons  wtthout   interruption   or   renvonstrance   from  Ze 
charged  w,th  the  a. ..airs  of  governnx-nt,  ard    to<,  often  V     n 
.nst,gated  by  them,  but  we  must  be  con'tent  wit^  t         e  i  a 
one  other  tnstance,  not  only  because  of  its  hendish  atrcLk     L 

^:^!::;:;?:;:n:^'  ''-  '-'  P-i-i-ow  so  generally 
In  A.  D.  1646,  .at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the  Abnaki   Ind 
.ans,    ^atherG.abriell)ruiIlettes.S.^.w.assent  bvM^ 
Jrom  Sillery  near  Ouebec  to  establish  :mSJ^^^::Z 
tvennebec.  '"^   rner 


II 


Ho  ,H,  Mllcry  AujjUM  .■ ,.  iO,6.  for  his  .lestination.  ami  so 
far  as  k,>own  to  history  he  was  the  first  white  man  who  ever 
penetrale.l  ,he  unbroken  wiUlerness  from  the  St,  Lawrence  into 
"«-•  w,Ms  ol  centra!  Maine,  lie  jonrneye.l  to  his  .lestination  hv 
he  same  waterways  traverse.l  l,y  IU.ne.lict  Arnold  and  his  ,|J 
tachmentof  ( •ontinenla!  soldn-rs  to  attack    (Jnehec   more    than 

"'H'    .u.ulre.l  years  afterwards,  an.l  which  were  then  well  known 
He  lorate.l  at  Narants.n.k,  now  \orrid-ewock,  wher.^  he  erected 

his  misMon  cross  and  was  soon    surrounded    l)v  a  lar-e   .on-re- 

-  ilion  of   peaceful  converts  and  neophytes. 

This    Mission    was   .oiuinued    successfnilv  for   nearly  ei-hty 

years    when  the  Missionary  then  in  charj,ro  was    hutrhea-d  'imd 

the  Mission  destroyed   hy  zealots   from  the  Knj;l,sh  Colonists  n{ 

Massacliusetts. 

TI.e  New  Kn;;land  (  ourant.  Au-ust  -•  ,th.  .  7..4,  savs  •  -On 
.^atunlay  last  arrived  Captain  Johnson  Harman  from  his  evpe- 
'I'l'on  a;;ainst  the  Indians  at  \orri.l:;ewock.  :,.,;  honi-ht  with 
l>nn  2,S  scalp,,  one  of  which  is  Father  Rasles  their  priest." 

And  in  "Massachusetts  Council  Kecords."  \„|  s   „  ,„e  -,    , 
inid  ••  Uesthrook  |'.-,pers."  p.v^v  ,  s;.  we  read  :  "' 

-'.Vt  a  Council  held  at  the  Council  Ch..ml...,  in  IJoston.  on 
Saturday,  Au-ust  .■-.  17J4,  Present  : 

His  Honor  William  Dummer,  Ksq,.  I.t  V.ov.  I'enn  Townsend 
\rl.l,  Davenport.  Adam  Winthrop,  Nathan  livhehl.  Ksors     lohn 
(  lark.  Ks,,.,  Daniel  Oliver,  Kst,..  KIw.  Hromd'eld.  Thomas  Fitch 
Captain  Johnson  Harman  heinj;  arrived  from  the  Fastward  with" 
ndian    scalps,  together  with    the  scalp  of  .Sel.astian    Ralle    the 
Jesuit   and    Missionary  amon^  the    \orrid;;ewock  Indians'and 
the  S.an.lard  of  y'  .Sd  T'     e  of  Indians,  was  directed  ,0  attend 
m  .  ouncil.  and    there   ■i      -  a  short   nirrative  of  his   march    to 
N..rridj;ewock  .with  four  Companies  of  Soldiers  under  his  com- 
mand) an<l  of   his   action    at    the    Sd  I'lace.  the  twelfth  instant 
where   he   destroyed   a  ^^reat    numher  of  the   enemv,    many   ,.f 
whom  bein<i  slain  or  drowned  in  the  river,  he  could 'not  recover 
their  bodies. 

His  Honor,  the  I,ieutenant  Governor,  in  consideration  of  the 
extraordinary  service  of  y  Sd  C.iptain  Harman,  presentee  ...m 


with   a   (  om.nissin,,   for  Lieutenant   C.lond  of  his   «   •    .  • 

^::r:Tz:zt- "^--";::^'C^ 

':ou„cih «:  e ;  r ;  ; :':;r;''r''  '"'-'^  --  p-iua.i  in 

f<-  Indian  prisoners         '"  "'"""^"'"-  -''  '"attheyh.d  taken 

c-^^nn;:::;:;::::::;:;;:';'-^' -' --^^.«e  the  pe^ 

four  hundred   an      rtve   n,       .     '  ^     ""'"  "^"'"•"''  ""-'  -"'  "^ 
and  the  further  sum  of  ,  "^  •v.enty-.seven  In.lian  scalps. 

slain  and  ;t;  ::^  :::'>■  7-;'^  ^- ^7  y-'i-  Pr^^^^^^^^^ 

;-.;-o.eersands^lj.---^^ 

^c:.rwafr:f'^:::Lf  ti- 
the head  of  the  Indians  Zul      %     ' T""'  '''"'  '''PP'-''-'^"'  -' 

w<.unclin.sevenot,-  ',;"'"'■''■  '^'"^''^^'  "^^"   f"^'^"- 
or  take  quartet  ^^''■'*'    ^*"''  ^-°'"'^'y  rcfusi„,Mo  give 

Pursuant   theief()r»>    1,.   ,    ,       i 

passed  at  their;;:  z.^.::::^;:;,;;-  ''-t'-'  ^'--"''y 

in  the  words  foilouin.  V^  ''''  "''"  '-^"^  "'  ■'"'>■'  '7-'o. 

"This   Court   being  credibly  inforuied  that  Mans    k.II     ,. 
Jesuit  resic;mg  amon-r  the  Flastern  fnHi.  ''^^'  "• ' 

eral  occasions  of  late  alW         ,  r^M^^  i::;""""'^' °"  ^^^^ 
this  Province  but  h  is  Vs..  v  .  '^''^•"'-^'y  ^  (.overpr      t  of 

jPpreh^H  ,,.s<,  Uu":,  ::;;;'■;:->■  !-»r  •""  •^•^" 

pav  u„,„  J.   .s,|  t„|,  j„|,„j^^  jj^^^_^^^  _^^  ^^^^^ 


«3 

Sd  sum  of  „„e  hundred  pounds  f„r  his  service  in  the  destruction 
of  y-S.I  Sebastian  kalle.  y*  Sd  sum  to  l,e  divided  auionj;  the 
othcers  and  soldiers,  as  is  directed  in  the  Act  for  encura-in- 
the  persecution  of  the  Ir(han  enemy,  etc  "  "    " 

Such  was  the  experience.  ..nd  too'  often  such  was  the  f  ue  o' 
the  devoted  missi.,nary.  f.red  with  religious  /eai.  who  left  kith 
an.l  km  and  sacritke.l  all  the  allurements  of  the  world  to  |-,rinL' 
Ihe  hjiht  of  t:  ,-  Kospel  and  the  blessings  of  civilization  to  the 
savages  m  the  wilderness -and  such  is  a  picture  of  tht  hi^otry 
and  intolerance  of  the  times,  the  malevolence  of  the  people,  and 
an  diustration  of  the  perversion  of  history. 

The  Fostering;  Care  of  France. 

Trance  mea.nvhile  pushed  the  w„rk  of  exploration,  evan-el- 
i/at,on.  an.l  coloni/.ation-her  conquests  of  peace.  ChristianUy 
and  c.vdi/ation  extended  westward  to  the  Mississippi,  south  to 
the  i.ulf  of  Mexico,  an.l  in  the  far  .,„rth  as  far  .,s  Hu.ison  Hav 
whither  the   Rev  Charles   Albanel.  S.  J.,  another  of  the  heroic 
ban.l  of  devote.I  missionaries,  accompanied  hy  two  companions 
and  SIX  Indians,  made  a  tour  of  exploration  ind  ..bservation  h 
A.  I>.  i6r'-.'.  f^oinj;  overland   throu-h  an  unbroken   wiideiness 
from  (Quebec,  to  learn  th-.-  n.iture  of  the  country,  the  number  of 
the  abon-ines,  their  habits,  disposition  and  nee.ls.     Si-  -h  enter 
pnse   and  success  stimulated  the  worst  passions  of  the  Kn-lish 
people,   who  continued   to   meet   this  conquest   of   peace  "and 
Christianity  with  determined  opposition,  persecution,  uul  open 
warfare,  which  were  persisted  in  from  their  earliest   settlement 
in  the  country  until  victory  crowned  their  efforts  by  the  over- 
throw of  France  upon  this  continent  in  A.I).  17^9  on  the  plairs 
of  .\braham.  which  was  ratified  and  confirmed  by  the    Treaty 
of  I'aiis  in  A.  I).  1763.  ^ 

English  Aggression  and  Diplomacy. 

Meanwhile  the  persecuting    people    of    the   British   colonies 
were  in   turn   made  to  feel   the   iron    heel  of  despotisu.  of  the 
Mother  Country,  but   less  for  religious  hate  and  animositv  than 
tor  revenue,  aggrandizement  and  dominion,  and  this  led  to   re 
bellion  and  bloodshed  a  few  years  later  in  .775.     At  this  June 


'I 


"l'I"-e,l.  and  ,|enif,l  ,„  ,  .„|,.,li,.s  -  evrn  H  ,1...  .       ■ 

friendship  a  ,1  all.,  if,     ,     '"''""'  "■-'-""-"  .heir 


the  renewed  nu.break  of  hi,.,,,,  ^S",  T'  '^"^'  ^""' 

-vohed  colonists  ^i^r^ou.^.    u^',Z^'^^  ;^'^'  -""''  «- 
of  the  Quebec  Act   and  whirl.  >''"''  P^'"n"'K.Tion 

^-.u.hou.  /he  ::J^L"^ ;;:  ni  ^"'  '^-^"^  «^'"--«^ 

'--ce.  hi,otr,  and  l.atJr::^^:-  ^  -^  jjo^ 


!  li 


i  !•' 


•5 

in  m.iny  ..f  the  clunicn  where  it  was  a  pen.l  ..(Tence   for   a 
<  .itl.ulic  prifsi  to  enter,  ami  evt-.i  a  ,•.,,,„  ,|  ortc.Kx-  if  I,.-  per- 
formed an>  of  his  satrcci  functions.     Crantir,;;  their   ti-hls  to 
tlu-  people  of  <    .n.Mla  by  Knjiland  by  the  '...lebec  Act  i-.t^nsilie.! 
this   feeling'   an.l    led  to  violent   oppoNit.on    and  protest  on  ih- 
|M-I  ol   the  colotii,ts.  whose  bi;;otry.  intoleran.e.  an.l  in..|nitous 
laws  a-ainst  Calholirs  were  well  known  in  Canada.      Many  sl.i 
•  It-nts  of   History  now  rero^ni/.e  the  enactment  and  proimilxa- 
ti-n  o.   this  Ac:  as  the  chief  .  ause,  if  not  th..  only  cause  in  the 
last  analysis,  whi.  h  pre  -.pitatefl  the  .ontest  and  resort   to  .rms 
on  the  pan  of  the  c.lonists  .i^ainst  the  motli.T  country,  an.l  a» 
Ihe  astute  measure  which  secured  Canada  and  all  the  vast  terrl- 
tory  end)raced  un.kr  this  name  to  the  Driiish  crown. 

Bigotry  of  the  British   Colonists. 

The  records  of  this  blind,  unreasoning  bi-otrv  and  hate  which 
now  in  a  more  enlij;htened  and  tolerant  .i-e  seem  so  out  of 
place,  and  which  cost  the  revolted  colonists  the  lovs  <,f  a  valu- 
able ally,  lar-e  .|uantities  of  much  neede.l  n.ilitarv  stores  and 
vast  territory,  re  not  now  often  allowed  to  see  tlie'li.r(u  ;-f  d.iy 
and  they  will  hav.-  to  be  sought  with  dithcultv  hiddcm  awayin' 
the  archives  of  the  distant  past. 

In  the  SutTolk  County  (Mass  )  resolve-  sent  to  the  (  ontinen- 
tal  Conj;ress  which  asembled  in  I'hiladelphi.i  in  ,774,  we  rt-ad  : 

"  I'hat  the  establishment  of  the  Roman  Catholic  reiij,'ioM  and 
French  law  in  Canada  is  dan-erous  in  the  extreme  to  the 
Protestant  religion  and  the  civil  rights  and  liberties  of  all  Amer 
ica.  Cherefore  we  are  oblig.  .1  to  take  a.l  proper  measures  lor 
our  securily." 

And  this  congress  when  it  assembled  in  I'hiladelphia  appoint- 
ed a  committee  consisting  of  I,ee.  Livingston,  and  Jay  to  frame 
an  address  to  the  people  of  Kngland  staling  their  po'siti<,n  and 
grievances  and  demanding  a  remedy.  The  notorious  bigot 
John  Jay.  whose  descendants  inherit  and  manifest  his  bigotry 
and  intolerance  whenever  opportunity  offers  even  down  to  this 
day,  was  made  chairman  of  this  committee,  and  to  him  wis 
assigned  the  work  of  drafting  the  address.      He  could  not  let 


tf, 

,uch  a  Kood  ,.pp..rtuni.y  p»h.  without  incorporating  it.  «..H  jiv- 
i„K  e«prc,.ion  ,o  the  general  out.ry  a;:a.ns,  the  <  .u..1h..c  ,  r  . 
wLr«as  v.  in  harmonv  with  hi.  i,n..ranc:e.  l.i»;o.ry  an.l  malcv 
oknce.  which  he  .li.l  in  the  fullnw,n«  l..np...i:c- : 

-  Nor  can  we  ^uppre*.  our  a,t....i.hment  that  a  Ih.t.sh  I  ..r  a 
„,ent  Hho..Ul  ever  consent  to  establish  .n  "-at  country  a  H.Kuo 
That   has  dcluRea  your  island  .n  I.Ick..!  and  d.spers.l  In.pe    . 
Bigotry.  I'ersecuti.  M.  Murder  an.l   KeWlu.n  through  every  part 

"'^:!^af!he  r..«res.wh.ch  approved  and  -hori.ed  ^e 
,ranvni.«inn  of  *uch  sentiments  and  bra.on  alsehoo.!!..  held 
less  culpable  or  hlatneworthy  .  and  yet.  .n  the.r  hour  of  tna 
ana  d.stress.  these  same  men  and  their  con.patru.t.  were  r,o 
,1,,.  to*er>d  Franklin  and  the  <  atholic  Carroll  to  seek  the  au 
o  .atholic  France,  without  which  they  and  th-  -'Usc  tnus 
have  surtered  iunomlnious  defeat,  and  there  would  now  be  no 
I'nited  States  to  emJ»ollish  the  map  <>f  the  world. 

|..^cinK  such  hostile  speech  and  sentiment,  .s  ,t  any  wonder 
that  the  people  of  fanad:  fused  to  hearken  to  the  appeal  of 
F^nklin  ChL.  and  Carr.-ll.  who  were  sen.  to  them  as  a  com- 
L  .tee  to  secure  their  friendly  cooper.ation  >  .s  .t  any  wonder 
II  thev  refused  t<.  take  up  arms  for  a  people  who  were  so 
openly  and  avowedly  hostile  to  them  an.l  tht.r  rehjr.on  . 

The  Duplicrty  of  Human  Nature. 

I,   is   true  thai    sor.n   after  the  promuluaiion  of  the  <Jueher 
Act   and  the  use  of  such  viclent  epithets  against  it  to  the  crown 
and  people  of  Kn^land  without  avail,  as  the  «------- 

resort  to  arms  th.-  ( 'ontinentai  (  ongress  prepared  an      Address 
o  the  Inhabitants  of  (^tebec."  a  portion  of  which  .s  .eproduced 
,o  show  the  change  of  tone  in  a  very  short    space  of  t.me.  and 
to  emph.isize  the  duplicity  of  human  nature: 

"What  is  offered  vou  by  the  late  Act  of  Parhau.ent-L.berty 
of  Conscience  in  your  Religion  ?     No.     C.od  gave  U  to  you  and 
the  temporal  powers  with  which  you  have  been  and  are  con- 
nected tonally  stipul.ited  for  your  enjoyment  of  it.  .  .  .  .... 

An  insolent  Ministry  persuade  themselves  that  you  will  engage 


•7 


to  take  up  artiiH  by  lieCDmin;;  tifjls  in  thi-ir  hands,  to  assist  them 
in  taking;  that  frccdoni  froni  u<i  irfuilit-rou'il)   di^nied  t"   you. 

We  are  too  wt?ll  a((|uaintid  «ith  the  I,ibtr.ility  of 

Sunlimint  di^tlnguiHhi^^'  your  nation  to  im.inirie  that  UilliTence 
of  kfllKion  wilt  prcjudiic  you  auair.^t  a  hearty  Amity  with  us." 

And  again  later  another  Address  was  sent  from  which  the 
following  extracts  arc  taken  "  We  perceived  the  fate  of  the 
I'rotest.int  and  Catholic  (  olonies  to  he  strongly  Jinketl  toj;ether, 
and  therefore  invite  vou  to  join  with  us  in  resolving  to  Im;  Free, 
and  in  rejecting,         i  disdain,  the  I  etters  of  Slavery,  however 

artfully  polished The  enjoyment  of  your  very  religion, 

in  the  present  system,  depends  on  a  Legislature  in  which  you 
have  no  Share,  and  over  which  you  have  no  ('ontrcMil,  and  your 
I'riests  are  exposed  to  Kxpulsion.  Uanishment,  and  Ruin,  when- 
evei  their  Wealth  and  Possessions  furnish  suttkient  Tempta- 
tion.    We  are  your  friends  n(it  your  enemies." 

.\nd  another  atteni|)t  was  made  in  November,  1775,  when  the 
(ronj;ress  appointed  Livinjjston,  I'aine,  and  Lanjj.lon  (  onmiis 
sioners  to  secure  their  friendly  alli.ince.  Some  of  their  instruc- 
tions were  "  Vou  may  assure  them  that  we  shall  hold  their 
rights  as  dear  as  our  own.  Vou  may  and  are  hereby  empow- 
ered to  declare  that  we  hold  s.icred  the  rights  of  Conscience, 
and  that  we  shall  never  molest  them  in  the  free  enjoyment  of 
their  religion." 

Canadiaru  remain  Loyal. 

Hut  al'  lorts  to  seduce  them  from  their  loyalty  to  the  British 
Cn  An  proved  fruitless.  They  were  doubtless  confirmed  in 
their  loyalty  by  the  teaching  of  their  church,  which  makes  it  a 
grevious  sin  to  rebel  against  lawfully  constituted  authority,  by 
their  want  of  confidence  in  the  professions  of  their  hitherto 
persecutors  and  oppressors,  and  by  the  restoration  of  their 
rights  secured  to  them  by  that  greatest  Act  of  Diplomacy — the 
Quebec  .\ct.  'I'o  this  (Jreat  Itritian  doubtless  owes  her  vast 
possessions  in  the  Northern  Hemisphere  of  the  Western  world 
today — a  territory  greater  in  area  than  that  of  the  I'nited 
States. 


iS 


This  far  seeing  legislation,  whicii  \v:is  so  out  of  hnriDopy  with 
the  JMS'itry,  intoliMaiice,  injusiice,  and  [jerseLUtion  "f  the  times, 
was  preseiiteii  in  tiie  House  of  Lords  by  Lord  Dartmouth,  May 
2,  1774.  and  was  passed  without  opposition  May  17. 

Id  the  house  of  Comnions  it  was  violently  assailed,  hut  heinj^ 
a  royal  measure  and  demanded  l>y  the  e.\i;;ences  then  confroiit- 
inj;  the  country  all  opposition  wa^  without  avail  and  it  passed 
that  body  June  1  ^,  1774.  received  the  rojal  assent  June  22  fol- 
lowing;, and  is  known  in  law  as  14  Ceo.  mi,  Cap.  S3.  It  was  to 
f;o  and  went  into  effect  in  Canada  May  1,  1775. 

.\  few  ultra-Iiritish  writers  of  our  (jwn  time.  Minded  by  pre- 
judice and  who  live  in  the  distant  past,  strive  in  vain  to  prove 
that  Kn<;land  was  then  actuated  solely  by  a  desire  to  fulfil  treat)- 
obligations,  that  the  mutferinj;s  of  insubordination,  disctmtent, 
and  threats  of  the  neij;hborin;j;  ('(jlonies  —  which  soon  after 
resulted  in  open  warfare  and  independence — were  not  an  ini 
pellinj;  motive,  that  the  tjovernment  of  Kiigland — King,  Lords 
and  Conniions  —  were  imbeciles,  and  tiiat  the  enactment  anil 
promul^atitm  of  the  .\ct  was  a  fjreat  mistake  from  which  Eiv^- 
land  has  never  recovered. 

Recalling  the  many  violated  treaties  recorded  against  Kngland 
in  the  pages  (jf  history,  which  with  otlier  things  have  earned  for 
her  the  uncomplimentary  title  of  |x.'rtidious  Albion — her  iniipii. 
tons,  brutal  and  brutalizing  |ienal  laws  in  force  elsewhere  in  her 
dominions  against  the  co-religioni.sts  of  the  Canadians,  the  need 
she  liad  for  a  friendly  people  in  this  distant  land  and  a  friendly 
harbor  to  land  her  arnjy  and  military  stores,  and  the  concensus 
of  history  bearing  upon  the  subject,  we  may  di.smiss  this  as 
only  another  testimony  to  the  intense  morbid  intokrence  and 
prejudice,  long  since  crystallized  into  a  national  tiait.  which 
warps  the  judgment  and  renders  an  impartial  and  judicial  con- 
sideiation  of  the  facts  of  history  iu>possible,  and  no\v  such  at- 
tempt to  prove  that  Kngland  was  then  governed  by  (ools,  needs 
no  other  answer  than  "  there  is  none  so  blind  as  those  who  will 
not  see,"  and  none  so  ignorant  as  those  who  refuse  to  learn. 


«9 

English  Settlers  in  Canadai 

Soon  after  the  conquest,  French  emiijration  having  practically 
ceased.  Knglancl  made  great  efforts  to  supplant  the  French  pop- 
ulation by  liberally  subsidizing  emigration  and  sending  over 
large  numbers  of  British  emigrants,  but  they  being  intolerant 
and  full  of  bitterness  toward  the  religion  of  'the  inhabitants,  as 
many,  very  many  pf  their  descendants  continue  to  the  present 
time,  as  is  too  painfully  evident,  they  would  not  locate  amongst 
not  near  the  French  settlers  in  the  older  portions  of  the  country 
along  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  but  betook  themselves  to  that 
portion  of  the  country  now  known  as  the    Province  of  Ontario. 

.After  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution  a  considerable 
number  of  the  Dutch  settlers  of  \ew  .Amsterdam  and  other 
adventurous  Colonists  who  swelled  their  numliers,  emigrated  to 
Canada,  where  they  sought  and  obtained  generous  bounty— 
upwards  of  535-oo°-ooo.oo,  vast  areas  of  land,  and  political 
preferment— as  a  panacea  for  their  loyalty.  These  latter  soon 
after  organized  under  the  name  of  the  Cnited  Kmpire  Loyalists, 
which  organization  their  descendants  still  find  it  profitable  to 
perpetuate. 

Such  a  people  could  not  long  remain  in  contentment  under 
existing  laws,  and  being  turbulent  and  restive,  they  so  pestered 
and  annoyed  the  home  government  with  complaint  and  impor- 
tunity for  a  separate  government  and  different  laws  that  they 
bro.ight  about  the  division  of  Canada  in  17.,.  into  two  parts', 
which  were  then  named  Lower  Canada  and  I'pper  Canada,  and 
a  .separate  parliament  was  constituted  in  the  latter  when  the 
Hritish  code  became  their  law.  the  people  of  Lower  Canada 
remaining  under  their  then  existing  form  of  government. 

.Agitation  and  discontent  succeeded  agitation  and  discontent 
in  Ipper  Canada,  and  envious  of  the  success  of  the  people  of 
the  older  Province,  they  succeeded  with  the  aid  of  the  com- 
plaisant home  government  in  effecting  a  union  of  governments 
in  1.S41  when  they  became  known  as  Canada  East  and  Canada 
West,  and  so  remained  until  merged  by  the  confederation  of 
the  various  provinces  in  1867  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
when  they  were  named  the  Province  of  Quebec  and  the  Pro- 
vitice  of  Ontario. 


Here  now  is  seen  the  anomaly  of  two  provinces  as  unlike  \n 
origin,  religion,  tastes,  and  practices  as  can  well  l)e  imajj;ini'fl, 
yet  livinji  in  peace  and  friendly  rivalry  heside  each  other,  and 
owin;;  allej^iance  to  a  common  Hag  to  which  they  are  devotedly 
loyal . 

liut  the  early  intolerance  and  antipathy,  founded  on  race  and 
ieli<:;iQus  prejudice,  has  been  and  is  an  important  if  not  the 
dctermininf;  factor  in  keepinj;  alive  much  of  the  aiir/rn  r(Ximf 
in  the  I'rovince  of  (^»uel)ec. 

Loyal  to  old  Customs. 

In  many  of  the  rural  districts  of  this  I'roviuce  old  customs 
and  (luaint  practices  are  nearly  as  well  defined  and  as  unique 
today  as  in  the  days  when  tlrst  introduced  centuries  aj,'o  under 
the  fostering  care  of  the  tl,ur  ,ie  lis  of  l-'rai-     . 

While  innovation  and  change  are  apparent  in  the  cities  and 
larper  centres  of  populati(M).  doubtless  stimulated  by  travel, 
observation,  and   iuterchang«  ideas,  by  a  mixed  population 

with  differei^t  customs  and  practices,  and  in  deference  to 
modern  demands,  yet  in  rural  communities  the  primitive  ways, 
quaint  customs  and  practices  of  early  tin>es  still  obtain— and 
this  is  more  particularly  true  and  striking  in  the  Church,  in 
church  management,  observances,  and  practices. 

The  early  colonists  being  well  instructed  in  their  religion  and 
very  obedient  to  its  requirements  and  customs,  brought  with 
them  a  knowledge  of  the  wealth  and  beauty  of  the  ceremonies 
of  the  Church:  and  the  clergy  and  missionaries  being  well 
schooled  in  and  accustcnned  to  the  grandeur,  beauty,  and  appro- 
p.iateness  of  the  Roman  ritual,  ever  sought  to  give  added  mean- 
ing, beauty,  and  signiticance  to  every  (.'luirch  function  by  full 
adherence  to  and  observance  of  its  every  requirement — to  give 
outward  expression  and  emph.asis  to  the  interior  meanin'^. 

The  Lay  Element  in  the  Church. 

As  in  the  older  countries  wh"re  the  Church  is  governed  by 
canon  law  the  lay  element  in  the  I'rovince  of  ()uebec  is  recon-- 
nized  and  accorded  its  proper  voice  in  the  secidar  affairs  of  the 


Church.    On  the  formal  establishment  of  a  parish  bv  the  Ifishon 
the  con-rc-ation  elects  three  members  who  are  known  as  .VrW,V,.' 
or  Mar:^u,llnrs  (church  wardens)   who  with  the  pastor  consti- 
tute the  l-ahn,,„c^  a  corporation  in  (he  eve  of  the  law   a  board 
of  management  of  the  temporalities  of  the  Church  which  may 
sue  and  be  sued.     ( )ne  of  these  members  at  the  outset  is  elected 
for  one  year,  one  for  t.vo,  and  one  f.,r  tiiree  vcars ;    one  retires 
each   year    when  at   the   annual   meetinj;  of  'ti,e   parish   a   new 
member  is  elected  always  leaving  two  men  with  experience  to 
continue  m  othce.      [n   lonj;  years  of  experience  in  and  knowl- 
edge  of    the   workings  of    this    system,    not   a   single    case  of 
friction  or  unpleasantness   is   recalled,  and  the    knowled-e    of 
business  brought   to  bear  in   the  matter  of  building,  rep.i'irin.r 
and   the  care  and  management  of  churches,  convents,  schools 
and  the  like,  has  been  of  inestimable  benelit  and  value   and  a 
great    lessening    of    the  burdens    borne    by  the  priests' in   the 
I  nited  States. 

The  parishioners  who  are  elected  to  this  board  are  reco-- 
nued  as  the  lay  head  of  the  parish.  a>ul  corresponding  honJr 
IS  paid  to  them.  For  their  use  a  special  pew  is  erecte.l  upon  an 
e  evated  banc  or  platform  apart  from  the  pews  and  at  the  side 
of  the  the  church  near  the  sanctuarv  railing.  It  is  Generally 
more  elaborately  constructed  than  tiie  other  pews,  is  surmounted 
by  a  canopy  or  Crucili.x,  or  both,  and  is  provided  with  a  li-hted 
candle  at  each  end  during  .Mass  The  member  in  his  ''third 
year  of  service  is  the  chairman  and  sits  at  the  head  of  the  pew 
and  ala  1.  s  takes  precedence  over  the  other  members 

Aftei  ihe  singers  and  acolytes,  who  are  seated  within  the 
sanctuary,  they  receive  the  Asp.r.^es  before  it  is  bestowed  upon 
the  people:  on  Palm  Sunday  they  receive  the  palms  from  the 
hands  of  the  priest  at  the  Sanctuary  rail,  and  they  take  preced- 
ence at  all  functions  of  the  thurch  wherein  the  laity  have  part 
such  as  formal  gatherings,  in  the  Fete  Dieu  procession  and 
other  church  functions,  escorting  the  Bishop  to  and  from  the 
railway  station  on  the  occasion  of  his  visits,  and  the  like. 


The  Services  of  the  Church. 

In  the  services  of  the  Church  in  rural  communities  only  the 
Crcfjorian  it.usic  is  sunj;  by  male  voices,  unle>s  upon  exceptional 
occasions.  The  sinfjers.  <;owned  in  white  surplices,  sit  within 
the  sanctuary  and  sinjr  the  alternate  parts.  I'heir  work  is  not 
that  of  the  modern  shrieking  soprano,  whoso  disedifyin^  and 
lrillin<,'  etiorts  seem  much  better  suited  to  divert  the  mind  and 
attention  of  the  hearers  than  to  inspire  devotion  and  praise, 
not  that  of  the  paid  tenor  who  is  content  with  nothinj;  less  than 
modern  operatic  airs,  but  it  is  from  the  heart  —  sturdy,  unaf- 
fected, devotional. 

DuriUfj  the  month  of  May.  f6te  days,  and  on  special  occasions 
females  may  be  admitted  to  the  or<;an  loft  in  the  gallery  and 
allowed  to  take  part  in  the  singujg.  In  the  churches  of  the 
cities  reg.ilar  choirs  of  mixed  voices  now  sing,  and  f.gured 
music  of  the  less  (iorid  type  =    not  infrecpiently  performed. 

The  bell,  called  the  "  tongu^  of  the  Church,"  sounds  out  the 
Aii^cliis  morning,  noon,  ar,.i  night,  at  the  elevation,  at  all 
Masses,  baptisms  and  weddings  ;  at  a  death  it  tolls  the  age  of 
the  deceased,  and  as  soon  as  the  funeral  cortege  comes  within 
sight  of  the  church  its  solemn  knell  adds  another  to  the  mourn 
ful  solemniiies  of  the  occasion.  When  the  .\ngelus  bell  sounds 
the  faithful  who  are  working  in  the  fields  turn  toward  the  church, 
uncover  their  heads,  and  recite  the  prescril>ed  prayers.  This  is 
well  illustrated  by  the  celebrated  painting  by  .\Iillais. 

The  Ax'n/'tt;  a  custom  introduced  in  .\postolic  times,  is  still 
observed.  .A  basket  and  napkins,  provided  by  the  Juit»i,/i,<\ 
or  parish,  are  taken  home  by  some  member  who  returns 
them  the  following  Sunday  morning  with  a  sufficient  number  of 
loaves  of  bread  which,  when  cut  into  .small  cubes  or  pieces,  will 
be  suflicient  for  all  members  of  the  congregation  to  receive  one. 
These  loaves  are  placed  upon  a  small  table  in  the  sanctuary 
before  the  altar  where  the  priest  blesses  them  before  Mass. 
The  loaves  are  then  removed  to  the  sacristy  by  the  sacristan, 
sexton,  or  beadle,  where  they  are  cut  into  small  pieces  and  dis- 
tributed to  the  congregation  during  Mass—  to  the  Syndics  tirst 
and  then  to  the  rest  of  the  congregation.     Every  person  receiv- 


23 

ing  a  portion  devoutly  makes  the  sign  of  the  cross  with  it  and 
then  consumes  it.  After  \fass  the  basket  and  napkins  are 
taken  away  by  the  person  who  brought  them  and  the  bread,  and 
delivered  to  his  nearest  neighbor,  who  performs  a  similar  service 
the  following  Sunday,  who  returns  basket  and  napkins  to  his 
neighbor,  and  so  the  work  g„es  continually  on  throughout  the 
entire  parish  without  interruption. 

The  origin  of  this  custom  has  received  various  explanations 
Some  writers  contend  that  it  had  its  origin  in  the  brotherly 
gatherings  and  feasts  of  the  early  Christians  ( i.  Cor.  XI)  some 
as  typifying  the  charity  with  which  Christians  should  feed  the 
poor,  others  the  miraculous  multiplication  of  the  loaves  and 
hshes,  which  typify  the  Hlessed  Eucharist,  etc. 

I{e  this  as  it  may.  the  pah,  Innit  is  a  living  reality  in  the 
church  of  the  habttans,  and  its  abandonment  would  be  to  them 
a  sad  innovation  and  omission  from  the  ceremonial  of  the 
Church. 

At  the  Asperf^es-,  the   priest,  preceded    by   the    cross-bearer 
acolytes,  and  accompanied  by  an  assists.  ries  the  holy 

water,  makes  the  circuit  of  the  church,  w.iicu  ves  an  added 
importance,  impressiveness  and  solemnity  to  the  ceremony  over 
the  more  abridged  and  perfunctory  blessing  from  within  the 
sanctuary. 

A  parish  .Mass  is  offered  by  the  parish  priest  in  the  spring- 
time to  invoke  the  blessing  of  God  upon  the  seeds  about  to  be 
cast  into  the  earth,  and  it  is  no  infrequent  occurrence  to  hear 
the  announcement  from  the  pulpit  that  some  member  of  the 
parish,  sometimes  named  and  sometimes  nameless,  has  arranged 
for  a  similar  .Vlass-and  it  sometimes  happens  that  several  are 
provided  for  and  announced  at  the  same  time. 

Again,  Masses  are  offered  for  an  abundant  harvest,  for  rain 
for  fair  weather,  relief  from  war,  epidemics,  sickness,  for  mem- 
bers of  a  family,  for  God's  blessing  upon  the  Parish,  and  the 
like. 

(Jreat  solemnity  is  given  to  all  the  feasts  and  festivals  of  the 
Church,  but  to  none  more  than  to  the  fete  Dku,  or  Corpus 
t  hristi.  For  days  and  weeks  previous  old  and  young  vie  with 
each  other  in  planting  evergreen  trees  along  the  route  of  the 


profession,  often  forming  their  tops  into  arches  and  decoratinj; 
them  with  mottoes  and  banners.  Special  attention  is  bestowed 
upon  the  reiK)sitory,  and  the  l)est  that  the  parishioners  can 
brni^'  IS  none  too  },'ood  to  add  to  its  beauty  and  attractivene>s. 
Its  masses  of  evergreen  and  wealth  of  ilowcrs,  rendered  more 
beautiful  by  score-  of  lighted  candles,  make  an  imp)sing  mid- 
summer spectacle.  Preceding  the  canopy,  which  is  usually 
borne  by  four  of  the  patriarchs  of  the  parish,  little  girls  dressed 
m  white  and  crowned  with  garlands  strew  wild  Mowers  in  the 
pathway  from  baskets  suspended  from  their  necks  bv  brilliant 
colored  ribbons,  ihe  scene  is  imix>sii>g  and  the  devoutness  of 
all  very  impressive  and  edilving. 

Midnight  Mass  is  always  celebrated  on  Christmas  eve,  for 
which  great  preparations  are  also  made  to  render  the  occasioi* 
worthy  of  the  l-east  of  the  Nativity.  The  church  is  always 
tilled  to  overHowing  with  .levout  worshippers,  some  of  whon» 
come  many  miles,  and  all  enter  with  zest  into  the  spirit  of  the 
joyful  season. 

The  priest  makes  an  annual  visit  to  every  family  in  his  par- 
ish, accompanied  by  one  or  nwre  of  the  Sy>;iia,  when  he  takes 
an  official  census,  inquires  after  their   spiritual  condition,  and 
other  matters  of  importance  in  acc.)rdance  with  a  prescribed 
form  sent  out  by  the  Hishop.     This  serves  to  more  closely  unite 
pastor  and   people  and  furbishes  reliable  statistics  of    his  pa- 
rishioners and  parish. 
^      In  rural  communities  the  priest  receives  for  his  principa!  com- 
pensation regular  tithes  which  the  law  imposes   upon  every  hus- 
.     bandman,  the   p.iyment  of  which  can  be  enforced  bv  process  of 
/      law  when  necessary  as  other  ta.xes  may  be  collected. 

With  few  exceptions,  such  as  corn  and  potatoes,  every  farmer 
must  pay  into  the  granaiy  of  Afonsieur  /,  Ciin-  every  twenty- 
sixth  bushel  of  the  crops  with  which  he  may  be  blessed.  This 
lithe  or  tax  is  cheerfully  and  generously  paid  as  a  just  and  rea- 
.sonable  contribution  to  the  maintenance  and  decency  of  wor- 
ship of  the  God  who  thus  blesses  with  bountiful  harvests.  In 
extensive  farming  communities  it  will  readily  be  surmised  that 
the  priesfs  granary  is  the  largest  and  best  filled  of  all.  Under 
Fiench    Law  all  who  a.e  baptized  into  the  Catholic  Church,  but 


-'5 

1  rofestant  church,   must  pay  such   tithes  to  the  parish  Driest 

abjure  the  fa.th  accorcl.nK  to  the  ritual  prescribe.l  by  the  Church 
for  such  abjuration  and  apostasy  ^ 

In  former  times,  before  the  advent  of    the    newspaper  and 
•e'e^raph.  the  news  of  ,he  parish  and    such    outside  news   as 

dispersal  of  the  conjrregation    after    Mass.  and  until  verv 
recent  t.mes  the  old  custom  survived  that  no  laws  e  u    ed  bv 

a  ned  (called  hon.ologa.ed,  from  the  parish  church  door  after 

.;;.  Mass  on  a  Sun.lay  or  Holy  day  of  obligation  bv  the  2r 
.ff  of  the  county  or  other  dulv  deputed  omce^ 

Another  custom  in  strange  contrast  with  the  observance  of 
h.  Puruan  Sabbath  is  the  sale  of  farm  products,  grain   Iss 
,    seed.  fru.  .  vegetables,  lambs,  pigs,  fowls,  honey  and  the  iik      ,t 
auction  afte.  Mass,  at  the  church  door  ' 

An  explanation  of  this  custom  is  found  in  the  lon-^  distances 
many  of  the  parishioners  live  away  from  the  church  i^  a       ."  .^ 
t.ons-s,x,  eight,  ten,  and  even    in    some  cases  twentv  mi  es 
when  others  living  in  an  opposi.e  direction  might  be  in   ,ee     oi 
sue     things  without  knowing  where  to  obtain  ttem,  b    i   eT  ,v 

the  nllar  l.,r„,„  which  they  worshiuL,  °„  ,'?,    "  "'""    »'""" 

ticipate  in  the  offices  of  the  Church      Th^  r.'.;    .  ^ 

by  the  cross  bearer,  thurifer.  ai;:;to,y,lsl!^rhC:S 
receives  the  corpse  upon  the  b,er  at  the  church  doo  whe  ,  he 
blesses  It  and  then  escorts  it  chanting  the  Miserere  or  hi  ,7 
Profundus  to  its  place  at  the  sanctuary  rail  bXth, tar" 
when  the  Requiem  Mass  is  sung  and  the  funeral  obsec  les  '  ' 
.ormed  with  such  pomp  and  circumstance  as  the  taste  fr  . 
..ay  dictate  and  their  means  afford,  from  the  pi,  t^':^ 

to  the  most  elaborate  known  to  the  ritual  of  tL  Churdrindu- 


ffing  the  draping  of  the  entire  church  and  windows  in  sombre 
blaclc. 

rravellers  meeting  a  funeral  procession  usually  turn  around 
and  fare  in  the  direction  which  it  is  going,  and  while  it  is  pass- 
ing bare  their  heads  ii  the  season  jHTmits,  and  when  the  de- 
ceased was  a  prominent  person  the  remains  are  escorted  a  short 
distance  before  the  j..urney  is  resumed. 

Devotions  and  pious  customs  and  practices  are  not  limited  to 
Sundays  ,ind  Holy  days.  Ihey  are  woven  into  and  bea)me  a 
part  of  the  every  day  life  of  the  people.  They  are  not  so  eager 
for  riches  as  to  live  well.  I  he  members  of  the  family  are  gath- 
ered in  prayer  every  night  when  the  rosary  is  said  and  other 
prayers  ;  i  farm  is  Iwught  and  M.  le  Cure  is  .sent  for  to  come 
and  bless  it  ;  a  hou.se  is  buill,  and  it  may  be  but  a  log  cabin  on 
the  frontier,  but  before  n»oving  in  JA  le  Cure  comes  again  and 
blesses  the  new  home. 

When  settlements  are  made  in  outlying  places  where  parishes 
have  not  l>een  organized  Calv.tircs  are  erected  by  the  road  side 
upon  the  first  land  cleared,  and  here  gather  the  faithful  on  Sun- 
days and  Holy  days  to  join  in  public  prayers.  I^irge  crosses 
and  Ca/vaires  are  erected  on  other  farms  as  they  are  taken  up 
and  reclaimed  from  the  wilderness,  and  later  when  a  parish  is 
organize  1  and  the  people  have  more  means,  they  are  made  more 
elaborate  by  the  erection  of  a  shrine  and  placing  therein  a 
group  representing  the  Holy  Family,  an  Apostle,  the  patron 
saint  of  the  parish,  the  emblems  of  the  Crucifi.xion— the  cross 
hammer  and  nails. 

Filial  devotion  and  respect  is  a  very  marked  characteristic  in 
the  homes  of  the  people  as  becomes  the  Christian  family.  New 
Vear's  day.  >'///-  t/erAn.  is  a  day  of  special  rejoicing  and  family 
reunion  when  every  member  of  the  family  from  those  in  the 
days  of  earliest  childhood  to  those  who  have  grown  to  manhood 
and  womanhood,  and  even  those  whose  heads  are  crowned 
with  the  snows  of  years,  return  to  the  home  of  their  childhood 
and  on  bended  knees  supplicate  and  receive  the  aged  parents' 
blessing. 

Their  sense  of  justice  does  not  rest  upon  a  human  founda- 
tion—the vote  of  a  majority— nor  does  it  permit  them  to  violate 


-'7 


the  God  given  right,  of  conscience  becau^c  (hey    are    in    the 
major.ty  and  can  impose  their  will  upon  a  helples!  n,inori,v. 

I  nder  the  laws  of  their  making  the  I'rotes,.,n.  minority  are 
permitted  to  maintain  schools  of  their  own.  paying    all    their 
school  taxes  thereto,  an.l  if  there  are  not  I'rotestants  enough  i,' 
any  school  district  to  maintain  a  school  tii.y  are  pormitte.l  to 
join  wuh  other  school  .iistric.s  to  <lo  so.     An.l  sho.'l.l  anv  Prot- 
estant family  or  families,  whose  children    have  reached   a<l«lt 
years,  live  in  a  Catholic  community  an.l  no  school  be  necessary 
they  can  elect  to  what  srh..ol  or  instituti.m  they  wish  their  taves 
paid,  no  matter  where  located  nor  what  distan.e  away.     V\  i,h 
them  It  IS  simply  a  business  pr.,position  .leci.led  according  to 
justice  and  not  accor.ling  to  fanaticism  and  bigotry,  a  pra.ii.  d 
exemphhcationof  the  Golden  Rule.  f  •> 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  in  other  Provinces  of  the  Dominion 
^.htre  I  rotestantism  dominates,  and  where  the  freedom.  liberal- 
uyand  equal  rights  of  Protestantism  is  volubly  an.l  vaun.in.dy 
proclaimed,  the  rights  of  Roman  Catlu.lics  in  'educational  i,rat- 
ters  are  trampled  under  foot,  and  the  justice  they  ren.ler  unto 
others  where  they  are  in  the  majority  is  .lenied  to  ihem  by  ,heir 
fellow  citizens  where  they  are  in  the  minority 

A  convent  and  school  is  generally  locate.l  near  the  parochial 
resi.lence  and  church,  and  here  the  young  are  taught  the  correct 
prmc-p  es  of  living -the  moral  faculties  are  cultivated  and  de- 
veloped as  well   as   the  intellectual.     Character  is  mol.led  and 
formed   upon   true   Christian    lines,    the    individual    aided   and 
{^uuled  to  re.a  i.e  the  rights  of  God  and  his  .luties  toward  man- 
the  true  end  for  which  he  was  creat.-d_  and   not   turned    loose 
upon  society  a  mere  intellectual  machine  without  moral   devel 
opment.    balance,    symmetry   or   ballast      Such   an    e.lucation 
makes   a   people  who   put  eternity   above   time,   heaven   above 
earth,  the  spiritual  above  the  temporal,  principle  above  e.xnedi- 
ency,  and  an  upright  life  before  riches. 

Linng  where  they  do  and  as  they  do,  buttressed  and  sup- 
ported by  their  religion,  they  can  be  nothing  else  but  Catholics 
in  their  religious  belief,  but  at  the  threshold  of  the  Twentieth 
century,  with  the  spirit  of  uneasiness  and  unrest  let  loose  ind 
spreading  over  the  land,  with  thousands  upon  thousands  leaving 


p. 


>ll 


llu'se  salutary  props  and  supports  U-hind.  with  proselytism 
backt'd  by  abundant  means  st.ilkinjj  throuxh  the  land,  it  may 
be  fairlv  <|uestioncd  if  the  time  has  not  arrived  for  them  to 
make  re-arrang.ment  o(  studies  and  give  more  attention  to  the 
df.-per  truths  of  their  reliKiori,  the  polemic  al,  and  to  the 
sciences. 

It  is  true  that  it  in  highest  wisdom  as  well  as  the  teaching  of 
the  Scriptures  to  fully  reali/e  that  "the  Kingdom  ot  Heaven 
surtLTcth  violence  and  only  the  violent  bear  it  away,"  and 
"  What  profiteth  it  if  a  man  {jains  the  whole  world  and  lose  his 
srul."  but  it  is  .ilso  true,  and  has  the  authority  of  the  Scrip- 
turf*  as  well,  that  when  (;:.<!  created  man  He  «ave  him  domin- 
ion over  the  earth  with  command  to  jjo  forth  and  subdue  it. 

Too  many  of  these  iinsus|H!ctin^'.  inn(X-ent.  h  nest  Catholics 
when  they  leave  home  and  the  surroundings  of  childhood  and 
the  safeguards  of  t!  .-ir  country,  ire  like  the  hothouse  plant 
when  subjected  to  the  vicissitu<les  ot  »he  elements,  like  the  seed 
that  fell  upon  the  barren  soil,  taking  r.xit  and  tlcurishin),'  for  a 
short  time,  but  when  temptation,  inditTerence,  agnosticism,  and 
the  other  gilded  isms  of  the  day  overtake  them  in  a  non  (  atho- 
lic  atmosphere,  wither  up  ami  f.iU  away.  In  these  latter  days 
simple  faith  is  a  very  p<jor  armamen'  with  which  to  meet  the 
warfare  of  the  world,  and  to  overcome  the  seeming  logic  and 
clap  trap  of  the  designing  proselyti/er,  and  the  scoffing  and 
sneers  of  the  intidel  .and  the  .ignostic. 

In  the  Province  of  (^)uebec  there  is  no  extreme  wealth  and 
no  abject  poverty.  I'lie  [>er,ple  are  alw.ays  ready  to  assist  each 
other,  to  extend  cliaritv  to  aid  any  worthy  cause,  and  to  allevi- 
ate affliction  and  sutferi^-.  No  parish  is  too  poor  to  aid  the 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith,  and  their  contributions 
put  to  shame  their  more  pretentious  and  wealthy  neighbors  in 
the  United  States.  Nearly  every  parish  has  also  a  Society  of 
the  Holy  ChildhootI  whose  contributions  have  maintained  many 
missionaries  in  heathen  lands  and  saved  many  precious  souls 
to  heaven. 

.\  daily  round  of  duties  well  and  faithfully  performed,  reason- 
able competency  and  peace  of  mind,  are  prized  beyond  super- 
fluous wealth  obtained  at  the  expense  of  worry,  anxiety,  disap- 
pointments and  ruined  health. 


I'lif  5un  rises  dear  and  the  clav  is  fair     .k    /  * 
and  «ivc.,  .hank,  ;  „.„r„in«  c..„  e    w  „  t^  , t'^'"  '?"'^''^ 

praise,  a.u,  is  re.onci.^  ^Z        ^     !  ""'"  "  ?"'  «'-" 

worn  i.hwavs  of  ,„„     t  """'•  '""  ""^'""  '"^-  -"- 

witl.  a   „uai„    (tr isti  n     e     .""     T'"''   ''""'"" "'  ''"'«■•'-' 

life  of  the  ,;;„  ie  h      Irv  w,    T  ■"'"""'•   ^""*"'-   "'-'^'^'"« 
el«wherc.  '"'*  ^'"^''  '^  '"  '*"^''  P'-'i"f"l  evidence 


rsrrrm 


'^mwu^sn 


